The Traditional Japanese Roof Tiles of Awaji Island

The History and Significance of Kawara

Kawara tiles were introduced to Japan from China approximately 1,400 years ago, during the Asuka period (593–710 AD). However, around 400 years ago, kawara production began to flourish on Awaji Island during the early Edo period. Legend has it that a master craftsman named Kiyomizu Rihei was invited to produce tiles for the construction of Yura Castle, marking the start of the island’s rich history with this craft.

Japan frequently faced devastating fires during this time, as traditional wooden rooftops were highly flammable. Kawara, with its fire-resistant properties, offered a practical and beautiful solution, significantly reducing the risk of destruction. This innovation protected cities and elevated the architectural aesthetics of shrines, temples, and homes across the country.

Today, Awaji Island remains one of Japan's top three producers of kawara, a testament to the enduring quality and cultural significance of these tiles. Awaji kawara is known for its ibushi (smoked) finish, which gives the tiles their distinctive silvery-gray hue—a color now synonymous with traditional Japanese rooflines.

A Visit to the Awaji Kawara Kiln

One of the highlights of my trip was visiting the Awaji Tile Kiln ( Tatsumi Co., Ltd. ), a long-standing manufacturer of ibushi kawara tiles. Located in Minamiawaji City, this company uses 100% locally sourced clay from Awaji Island to create high-quality tiles. The distinctive ibushi kawara finish, known for its elegant silver-gray color, is a hallmark of Awaji craftsmanship.

The artisans here, known as "Onishi" specialize in creating onigawara—the ornate decorative tiles often featuring demon faces that adorn temples and shrines. Watching them work was mesmerizing. Every tile is shaped by hand, with meticulous attention to detail, whether in intricate patterns or sculpted figures.

What struck me most was learning how few onishi artisans remain today—a sobering reminder of the challenges traditional crafts face in the modern world. Among these artisans, I was particularly fascinated by Naoko Okitsu, the kiln owner’s wife and the first female onishi in the company’s history, which dates back to the late Edo period (1603–1868)

Their work appeared incredibly demanding, requiring intense focus and precision, so I tried not to disturb them while they worked. Observing from the sidelines, I gained a deep appreciation for the sheer effort, patience, and love that go into creating something so timeless and beautiful!

The kiln also displays kawara tiles that were 200 to 300 years old, demonstrating their incredible durability. The owner explained that kawara is eco-friendly—it’s designed to last for generations, and when a tile breaks, only that tile needs replacing. The tiles absorb water, protecting roofs from rot, which is invaluable in Japan’s humid climate.

Sadly, the demand for kawara has diminished recently as more people opt for modern roofing materials. To adapt, the kiln now focuses on souvenir production, creating decorative tiles for weddings, birthdays etc. I hope you can visit them one day to see their work or buy some souvenirs!

Tatsumi Co., Ltd. address:
976 Tsui, Minamiawaji, Hyogo 656-0341
Craft experience at Gallery Doza

After the kiln tour, I visited GALLERY tsuchiza, where I had the chance to craft my own kawara coaster. This stylish gallery is run by Michikami-san, the charismatic and passionate factory president whose love for this craft is unmatched. The space was created to introduce more people to the beauty and significance of Awaji kawara.

The gallery is more than just a workshop—it’s a creative hub that offers kawara-themed products, such as earrings, rings, and coasters. You can purchase these products on the spot. Modern collaborations, like those with ONE PIECE, bring a playful, contemporary twist to this traditional craft, making it accessible and appealing to younger generations.

Michikami-san shared how his mission is to preserve the heritage of Awaji kawara and educate people about its importance. Since the peak before the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, the number of producers has dwindled to less than a third of what it once was. Michikami-san explained that the decline was caused by a combination of factors, including the destruction of kilns during the earthquake, the high cost of rebuilding, and a shift in consumer preferences toward cheaper and more modern roofing materials. As traditional crafts like kawara face these economic pressures, fewer young people enter the industry, further compounding the issue.

Making my own coaster at the gallery was a challenging yet rewarding experience..Carving into the clay required real focus, and even though I was simply copying a design, it gave me a newfound respect for the artisans who dedicate years to mastering their craft. One thing I learned is that kawara tiles are not just beautiful but also highly functional. Their unique ability to absorb liquids makes them a fantastic material for items like coasters. It’s a practical and stylish feature, making kawara-crafted goods an excellent gift idea—perfect for anyone who appreciates traditional Japanese craftsmanship with a modern twist.

The experience costs 3,300 yen (including tax), and there will be an additional shipping fee of 1,200 yen charged for mailing it later. Normally, the experience products will be delivered within about 7 to 10 days after the experience if shipped domestically. (Please note that during the year-end and New Year holidays, Summer holiday in Japan, or Golden Week holidays, it may take a bit longer.) International shipping is also available; in that case, it will be sent via EMS (Express Mail Service), and an additional box fee of 300 yen and region-specific shipping costs will apply. For detailed EMS pricing, please check the pricing table here.

Michikami-san’s efforts to bridge this gap by introducing modern audiences to kawara are admirable. He hopes that through workshops, exhibitions, and creative products, more people will appreciate kawara and its vital role in Japan’s cultural identity.

Address: 2124-2 Tsui, Minamiawaji City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan 656-0341

Daiei Ceramics Gallery Doza Address: 2124-2 Tsui, Minamiawaji City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan 656-0341

A Personal Reflection

 Before I visited Awaji Island, I had never given much thought to the tiles that adorn traditional Japanese buildings. But after witnessing the craftsmanship and dedication behind kawara, I now find myself gazing up at rooftops, hoping to catch a glimpse of these beautiful tiles.

It makes me genuinely sad when I see a roof without kawara, as this art form—so intertwined with Japan's history and culture—deserves to live on. I hope that through experiences like these, more people will come to appreciate the beauty and functionality of kawara.